Here’s a list of the Top 10 Java Spring Boot Interview Questions with detailed answers. At the end, I’ll include a promotion for Spring Online Training to help learners dive deeper into this popular framework.
1. What is Spring Boot, and how does it differ from the Spring Framework?
Answer:
Spring Boot is an extension of the Spring Framework, designed to simplify the setup and development of new Spring applications by providing an opinionated approach and avoiding complex configuration. It comes with embedded servers, auto-configuration, and production-ready features, making it faster to get started with a project compared to traditional Spring Framework projects, which require more manual setup and configuration.
2. How does Spring Boot handle dependency management?
Answer:
Spring Boot simplifies dependency management using Spring Boot Starters — pre-defined dependencies that bundle commonly used libraries and configurations. For instance, spring-boot-starter-web includes dependencies for building a web application, including embedded Tomcat, Spring MVC, etc. Spring Boot also supports dependency versions automatically via its parent pom.xml, ensuring compatibility.
3. What is the purpose of the @SpringBootApplication annotation?
Answer:
The @SpringBootApplication annotation is a convenience annotation that combines:
@Configuration- Marks the class as a source of bean definitions.@EnableAutoConfiguration- Enables Spring Boot’s auto-configuration feature.@ComponentScan- Scans for components in the package.
This annotation is usually placed on the main class to bootstrap the application.
4. Explain the role of the application.properties or application.yml file in Spring Boot.
Answer:application.properties or application.yml files are used to configure the application's settings, including database configurations, server port, logging levels, and more. Spring Boot reads these files on startup, allowing developers to manage configuration without hardcoding them in code. The .yml format is more readable and hierarchical compared to .properties.
5. How does Spring Boot handle exception management?
Answer:
Spring Boot provides a global exception handling mechanism via the @ControllerAdvice annotation, which allows you to define a centralized exception handler across the application. With @ExceptionHandler within a @ControllerAdvice, you can customize error responses based on the exception type.
6. What is Spring Boot Actuator, and what are its benefits?
Answer:
Spring Boot Actuator provides a set of endpoints to monitor and manage a Spring Boot application, such as /health, /metrics, /info, and more. It helps with application diagnostics and monitoring, offering insights into application health, runtime metrics, environment properties, and request tracing, making it easier to monitor in production environments.
7. What is the difference between @RestController and @Controller?
Answer:@RestController is a specialized version of @Controller in Spring MVC. It is used for RESTful web services, combining @Controller and @ResponseBody annotations. This means that every method in a @RestController will return data (usually in JSON format) directly, rather than resolving to a view template. @Controller is used when views (e.g., JSP, Thymeleaf) are involved in rendering the response.
8. How does Spring Boot handle database connectivity and configuration?
Answer:
Spring Boot simplifies database connectivity by providing auto-configuration for supported databases (e.g., MySQL, PostgreSQL). Using the spring.datasource.* properties in application.properties, developers can configure data source properties. For in-memory databases like H2, Spring Boot can automatically create and initialize a database using SQL scripts if placed in src/main/resources.
9. What are Profiles in Spring Boot, and how are they used?
Answer:
Spring Boot Profiles allow applications to define different configurations for different environments (e.g., development, testing, production). Profiles can be set using spring.profiles.active=<profile> in application.properties or with environment-specific configuration files like application-dev.properties. Profiles enable smooth switching between configurations without changing the codebase.
10. What is the role of embedded servers in Spring Boot, and how can you configure them?
Answer:
Spring Boot includes embedded servers like Tomcat, Jetty, and Undertow, enabling applications to be run independently without external deployment. This setup is useful for microservices. You can configure the embedded server (e.g., server port, SSL settings) via application.properties with properties like server.port, server.ssl.*, etc. This helps create stand-alone applications that are easy to deploy.
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Top Spring Interview Questions and Answers (2024)
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